Biology (BA or BS) + Anatomy (MS), 5-Year

The lecture topics included are origins of life, prebiotic chemistry; and surveys of the major plant, invertebrate and vertebrate phyla. The course also includes evolutionary principles governing taxonomic criteria and the physiology of movement of d and water in plants. A three-hour lab accompanies the above lecture. Intended for biology majors and minors.

Prerequisites: Bio-101L

A three-hour lab accompanies the above lecture. Intended for biology majors and minors.

Prerequisites: Bio-101

The lecture topics include a survey of the cell, its chemical constituents and its organelles, energy metabolism and photosynthesis. Introductory classic and molecular genetics is also covered. A three-hour lab accompanies the above lecture. Intended for biology majors and minors.

Prerequisites: BIO-102l

A three-hour lab accompanies the above lecture. Intended for biology majors and minors.

Prerequisites: BIO-102

This is an examination of the principles of classic and molecular genetics. Topics discussed include Mendel’s contribution, linkage, gene mapping, structure and function of DNA and RNA; bacterial and viral genetics, gene function, mutation, regulation of gene activity, recombinant DNA technology and quantitative and population genetics. Laboratory experiments with Drosophila, bacteria and fungi demonstrate principles discussed in the lecture. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L. Must have a minimum of a 2.2 GPA., BIO-302L

The course consists of three laboratory hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-302

This one-semester course emphasizes structure/function relationships among the components responsible for the biochemical functions of life. Topics include proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, bioenergetics, metabolism (catabolism and anabolism), lipids, membranes, nucleic acids, biotechnology, biochemical methods, vitamins and nutrition. This course is cross-listed with CHE 303.

Prerequisites: 1 group: (CHE-219 CHE-219L BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (CHE-219 CHE-219L BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or be a chemistry major and take (CHE-219 CHE-219L CHE-220 CHE-220L), BIO-303L

This laboratory supports BIO 303 lecture course. Students required to take BIO 303 are also required to take BIO 303L (except for physician assisting students).

Prerequisites: BIO-303

This is a detailed analysis of cellular organelles in relation to active transport, endocytosis, cell-to-cell communications, cell development and protein synthesis. Chromosome organization, gene structure, RNA synthesis and regulation of gene expression are also considered. Discussions will emphasize techniques and key experiments that have helped in the development and formulation of contemporary concepts. This course consists of three hours of lectures and one discussion hour a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: 1 of (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-108 BIO-108L), BIO-303 BIO-303L

This is a study of the structural and functional relationships of the human organism, emphasizing cells and tissues, the integument, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system and sense organs. This course consists of three lectures a week.

Prerequisites: CPC-022, 1 semester of college chemistry., BIO-107L

This course accompanies BIO 107. This course consists of three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-107

This continuation of BIO 107 emphasizes the digestive system, respiratory system, blood, cardiovascular system, urinary system, reproductive systems, endocrine system, human genetics and development. This course consists of three lectures a week.

Prerequisites: CPC-022, Prior completion of BIO-107/L, BIO-108L

This course accompanies BIO 108. This course consists of three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-108

This course is an introduction to the morphology, physiology, ecology and replication modes of bacterial and eukaryote microorganisms as well as viruses. Pathogens associated with human disease are used to illustrate these general concepts. Methods used by microbes to resist antimicrobial drugs, transfer antimicrobial resistance and methods used to control the growth of microorganisms are also discussed. Emphasis is given to mechanisms of pathogenesis used by bacteria and viruses. The means used by humans to prevent or rid the body of microbial agents are also discussed. In the laboratory, students gain skills in sterile technique, stain procedures and biochemical tests used to characterize bacteria. Methods used to control microbial growths are also studied. The course consists of three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week.

Prerequisites: (BIO-101,BIO-101L,BIO-102,BIO-102L) or (BIO-107,BIO -107L,BIO-108,BIO-108L), Bio-208L, 2 semesters of college chemistry or take CHE-114.

This course accompanies BIO 208. This course consists of three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-208

This is an introduction to the life of the seas. It begins with basic information about the chemical, physical and geological nature of the oceans. All major marine communities are surveyed, Including coastal zones and estuaries, coral reefs, the open ocean and the exotic communities of the deep sea. Extra attention is given to special topics of particular importance or interest. The final section concerns human interactions with the marine world and threats that they pose to it.

Prerequisites: BIO-101,BIO-101L,BIO-102,BIO-102L

This is a survey of the major invertebrate groups with emphasis on their diverse patterns of form and function. Coverage of each group includes its distinguishing characteristics and patterns of adaptations for coping with the needs of life by following examples of selected species. Basic biological principles and special impacts on humans are discussed when appropriate. In the laboratory, live and preserved specimens from marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats are used to explore aspects of anatomy, physiology and behavior. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L, BIO-218L

Prerequisites: BIO-218

This is a broad introduction to the basic concepts of ecology as they pertain to population, evolutionary processes, communities and ecosystems. Several current environmental problems are explored in the light of these concepts. Laboratory includes a mix of lab and field exercises designed to put lecture topics into practice. The course consists of three lectures and three laboratory hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L, BIO-229L

The course consists of three laboratory hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-229

This course examines the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment and human populations. Topics to be included but not limited to the course are 1)the impact of human activities on air and water quality, 2)the use of natural resources including renewable and non-renewable energy sources, minerals and biological resources,3)conservation and biodiversity, and 4)land use including wildlife, fisheries and forest management, recreational uses and agriculture. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and a 3 hour laboratory. The laboratory portion of the course will examine present practices and problems associated with environmental issues through field trips and laboratory/field experiments.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-303 BIO-303L), BIO-230L

This course examines the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment and human populations. Topics to be included but not limited to the course are 1)the impact of human activities on air and water quality, 2)the use of natural resources including renewable and non-renewable energy sources, minerals and biological resources,3)conservation and biodiversity, and 4)land use including wildlife, fisheries and forest management, recreational uses and agriculture. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and a 3 hour laboratory. The laboratory portion of the course will examine present practices and problems associated with environmental issues through field trips and laboratory/field experiments.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-303 BIO-303L), BIO-230

This course and required laboratory is designed to be an introduction to Environmental Geology through a broad survey of topics which are interconnected by society and geologic processes. These topics include Earth systems, geosphere materials, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, rivers and flooding, land stability, coastal change, water, soil, mineral and energy resources, climate changes and human environmental impact. Laboratory experiences will be related to the course objectives and will include offsite experiences. Prerequisite: BIO 101/L and (BIO 102/L OR BIO 303/L). Offered each spring semester as needed.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-303 BIO-303L), BIO-231L

This course and required laboratory is designed to be an introduction to Environmental Geology through a broad survey of topics which are interconnected by society and geologic processes. These topics include Earth systems, geosphere materials, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, rivers and flooding, land stability, coastal change, water, soil, mineral and energy resouces, climate changes and human environmental impact. Laboratory experiences will be related to the course objectives and will include offsite experiences. Prerequisite: BIO 101/L and (BIO 102/L OR BIO 303/L). Offered each spring semester as needed.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-303 BIO-303L), BIO-231

Evolution is the single most unifying theory in the biological sciences. This course traces the beginnings of Darwinian-Wallace evolution by natural selection and places this theory in historical perspective. Current evidences of evolution are given and explained and evolution at the gene level is discussed. The emphasis of the course is on biological and biochemical adaptations to changing environments. Some limited treatment of population genetics is included.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L

This course examines the organ systems of the body microscopically. The development, histology, histophysiology and histopathology of the tissues and organs of the body will be presented in lecture. The lab incorporates microscopic examination of the organ systems and training in processing of tissue for imaging and instruction in the use of imaging equipment. The course consists of two lectures and four hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: (BIO-101, BIO-101L,BIO-102,BIO 102L) or (BIO-107, BIO-107L,BIO-108, BIO-108L), BIO-304L

This course examines the organ systems of the body microscopically. The development, histology, histophysiology and histopathology of the tissues and organs of the body will be presented in lecture. The lab incorporates microscopic examination of the organ systems and training in processing of tissue for imaging and instruction in the use of imaging equipment. The course consists of two lectures and four hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: (BIO-101, BIO-101L,BIO-102,BIO 102L) or (BIO-107, BIO-107L,BIO-108, BIO-108L), BIO-304

This course is the study of structure and activity of animal, plant and bacterial viruses. This course is three lectures.

Prerequisites: BIO-303

Individuals are continually exposed to foreign substances (antigens) and respond to them in ways that are both harmful and beneficial. Many areas of biology use the in vitro techniques of immunology. Thus, immunology integrates such diverse fields as genetics, biochemistry, physiology and medicine and is relevant for biology and health science students alike. The purpose of this course is therefore to introduce the student to the chemistry of antigens and antibodies, the biology of the immune response, including both harmful and beneficial aspects in the function of the cells, organs and molecules of the immune system. Immunologic techniques and their applications will also be examined.

Prerequisites: (BIO-101 BIO-101L ,BIO-102, BIO-102L) OR BIO-107, (BIO-107L,BIO-108, BIO-108L) AND CHE-101,CHE-102, (BIO-101 BIO-101L ,BIO-102, BIO-102L) OR BIO-107, (BIO-107L,BIO-108, BIO-108L) AND CHE-101,CHE-102

This course is a survey of biology of plants with emphasis on taxonomy, morphology, physiology and the importance to man. This course is three lectures and three hours of lab.

Prerequisites: BIO-314L, BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L

This is a study of vertebrates and their chordate origins, including an overview emphasizing their historical relationships. The major systems, such as integument, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, and skeletal, are presented with examples from the major vertebrate groups. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-317L, (BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L)

The course consists of three laboratory hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-317

This is a study of the principles of development and their application to animal and plant embryos, regeneration, metamorphosis, cancer and related processes. The laboratory includes observation and experimentation with living animal and plant material, plant tissue culture, and examination of prepared slides. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-320L, BIO-101 BIO 101L BIO-102 BIO 102L, BIO-302

Prerequisites: BIO-320

This course and required laboratory will focus on microbes, their biochemistry and their interactions with higher animals in specific ecologies. Microbes play a primary,and often overlooked, role in every ecosystem on Earth. The unique biochemistries of these microbes are responsible for a wealth of activities critical to human and planetary health,including oxygen generation,carbon and nitrogen bioavailability,bioremediation of pollutants, decomposition of organic matter,nutrient cycling and human sanitation. This course is not intended as the required course in a health sciences major as it eschews medical microbes in favor of environmentally or commercially important microorganisms. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and a 3 hour laboratory.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: Four (4) credits of college level chemistry., BIO-330L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L or (BIO-108 BIO-108L)

This course and required Laboratory will focus on microbes, their biochemistry and their interactions with higher animals in specific ecologies. Microbes play a primary, and often overlooked, role in every ecosystem on Earth. The unique biochemistries of these microbes are responsible for a wealth of activities critical to human and planetary health, including; oxygen generation, carbon and nitrogen bioavailability, bioremediation of pollutants, decomposition of organic matter,nutrient cycling and human sanitation. This course is not intended as the required course a health sciences major as it eschews medical microbes in favor of environmentally or commercially important microorganisms. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and 3 hour laboratory.

Prerequisites: BIO-330

Conservation Biology combines ecology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolutionary biology in order to conserve biological diversity. It is the aim of conservation biology to understand the human threats to biodiversity and prevent any further loss. Topics covered will include, defining, measuring, and patterns of biodiversity, the negative effect of habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, over population, and over harvesting on biodiversity, strategies used to combat threats and sustain biodiversity and consideration of economic and ethical tradeoffs in the conservation of threatened species. Special attention will be paid to current issues related to biodiversity. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and a 3 hour laboratory.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L and (BIO-102 BIO-102L or BIO-303 BIO-30L or CHE-303 CHE-303L), BIO-331L

Lab for BIO-331

Prerequisites: BIO-331

Environmental health examines the impact of the environment on human health. This includes 1) the effect of environmental components, such as pollutants, pathogens, and toxins, on human health, 2) energy resource uses and its effect on human health, 3) food safety, 4) environmental hazards found in the work place, and 5) environmental degradation as it relates to human health and wellbeing. This course will also examine the methods of environmental assessment and the role of public policy related to environmental health.

Prerequisites: (CHE-101 CHE-101L CHE-102 CHE-102L) or (CHE-111 CHE-112 CHE-113), BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L

This series integrates the principles and mechanisms of action and drug effect with the pharmacotherapy of common disease and syndromes.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L

This course is a continuation of Bio 335

Prerequisites: BIO-335

This is a lecture and laboratory course in human gross anatomy, which uses cadaver dissection and other materials illustrative of human anatomy. Emphasis will be placed upon the anatomy of skeletal muscles, including their bony attachments, nerve and blood supply and their functions in movements. Additional dissections will involve a survey of abdominal and thoracic organs, anatomy of the head and contents of the cranial cavity. The course consists of two lecture hours and eight lab hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-339L. Physician Assistant students will take BIO-639L., (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or BIO-317.

Prerequisites: BIO-339

This course will offer an introduction into the novel disciplines of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics, providing students with a solid intellectual framework for understanding biological pathways, networks and molecular systems in an integrated, multidisciplinary fashion. The course will follow an interactive, problem-based instructional approach, using several mathematics exercises that utilize statistical and probability calculations to add quantitative rigor to the interpretation of biological data sets. The course will be based on case studies taken from scientific publications and Internet-based bioinformatics tools will be used for data analysis. The content will include all major areas of biology, including DNA and protein sequences, microarrays, and systems biology.

Prerequisites: BIO-303 and MAT-125., any CSC (Computer Science) course., BIO-350L

Description of BIO 351 should be same as the printed catalog: This course and required lab are intended to serve as an introduction to the problems encountered in modern biology research, with a special focus on the usage of modern computer-dependent techniques to explain biological phenomena. Many modern biological studies are hindered by the sheer volume of experimental data produced. These data often cannot be efficiently or accurately interpreted without computer assistance, yet many scientists lack the necessary skill set to do so. This course will instruct students in the challenges of designing, implementing and analyzing in vivo or in vitro generated experimental results using in silico techniques. This will be accomplished through a project-based learning format. This course requires three hours of lecture a week and a weekly three hour laboratory.

Prerequisites: BIO/CHE-303 or permission of the instructor., BIO-351L

Lab to accompany BIO 351

Prerequisites: BIO-351

Techniques for expressing biological molecules and concepts as mathematical expressions for analysis and comparison.

Prerequisites: MAT-125 and (BIO-102 or BIO-303), 1 computer science (CSC or IT) course. CSC-151 or IT-111 is recommended.

Qualified students may investigate selected topics with permission of the instructor.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: None

These courses are comprised of discussions of the molecular attributes of cytological features that represent the underpinnings of such functions as nerve impulse and neurotransmission, skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac muscle excitation and coordination of contraction, processes of electrolyte and water balance, actions of chemical messengers such as hormones and drugs, gas transport and cellular respiration, nutrition, metabolism and excretion.

Prerequisites: None

These courses are comprised of discussions of the molecular attributes of cytological features that represent the underpinnings of such functions as nerve impulse and neurotransmission, skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac muscle excitation and coordination of contraction, processes of electrolyte and water balance, actions of chemical messengers such as hormones and drugs, gas transport and cellular respiration, nutrition, metabolism and excretion.

Prerequisites: None

This introduction to fundamental chemical principles includes topics such as atomic structure, bonding and properties of gases, liquids, solids and solutions. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: High school chemistry and CPC-022 or 3 years of high school mathematics or MAT-117 or MAT-122, CHE-101L

Three hours of laboratory.

Prerequisites: CHE-101

This course is a continuation of Chemistry 101. Topics include chemical equilibria, kinetics and oxidation reduction systems.

Prerequisites: CHE-101, CHE-102L

Three hours of laboratory.

Prerequisites: CHE-101L, CHE-102

This course is a survey of the functional groups germane to organic chemistry. In particular, emphasis is placed on the physical properties, nomenclature, conformation, synthesis and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes. Additionally, the recognition of isomers from constitutional stereoisomers such as enantiomers and diastereomers is also stressed.

Prerequisites: CHE-101, CHE-101L, CHE-102, CHE-102L, CHE-219L

This lab emphasizes purification techniques central to organic chemistry such as recrystallization, distillation (simple and fractional), extraction, chromatography (column and thin layer), and chemical modification. Also, several syntheses are chosen to illustrate lecture material such as, but not limited to reactions such as substitution and bond cleavage. It consists of three hours of lab a week.

Prerequisites: CHE-209 or CHE-219

This is a lecture and laboratory course in human gross anatomy, which uses cadaver dissection and other materials illustrative of human anatomy. Emphasis is placed on the anatomy of skeletal muscles, including their bony attachments, nerve and blood supply, and functions in movements. Additional dissections involve a survey of abdominal and thoracic organs, anatomy of the head and contents of the cranial cavity.

Prerequisites: BIO-639L, (BIO-507L BIO-508L) or (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or (BIO-317 BIO-317L) or (BIO-517 BIO-517L) or equivalent.

This is a lecture and laboratory course in human gross anatomy, which uses cadaver dissection and other materials illustrative of human anatomy. Emphasis is placed on the anatomy of skeletal muscles, including their bony attachments, nerve and blood supply, and functions in movements. Additional dissections involve a survey of abdominal and thoracic organs, anatomy of the head and contents of the cranial cavity.

Prerequisites: None

This course is an in-depth microscopic examination of the organ systems of the body. The development, histology, histophysiology, and histopathology of the tissues and organs of the body will be presented in lecture. Chemistry and biochemistry of the structures will be covered and discussed. The lab incorporates microscopic examination of the organ system and training in processing of tissue for imaging and the use of imaging equipment and the chemical properties and uses of traditional and current staining methods. This course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: (BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or (BIO-517 BIO-517L) or ANA-601, BIO-504L

Lab for BIO-504
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: BIO-504

This is a lecture and laboratory course studying the human nervous system. Emphasis is placed on the science, biology, and biochemistry of nervous system anatomy and physiology, including research techniques used to study the nervous system, organization and development of the nervous system, neuroanatomy, fundamental concepts of cellular and molecular neurobiology, underlying neuroanatomical and neurophysiological dysfunctions of neurological disorders, sensory and motor systems, and neural tracts. The laboratory includes neuroanatomy models and cadaveric specimens. This course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or take (BIO-317 BIO-317L) or take (BIO-517 BIO-517L) or permission of the intstructor., BIO-505L

Lab for BIO-505
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-505

This is a analysis of vertebrates and their chordate origins, including a summarization emphasizing their historical relationships. The major systems, such as integument, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, and skeletal, are presented and explored with examples from the major vertebrate groups. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: ANA601 and BIO-517L

Lab for BIO-517.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: BIO-517

This is a study of the principles of development and their application to animal and plant embryos, regeneration, metamorphosis, cancer and related processes. The laboratory includes observation and experimentation with living animal and plant material, plant tissue culture and examination of prepared slides.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-302 BIO-302L, BIO-520L

Lab for BIO-520
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-520

This course provides guidance to the student in the formulation of an original anatomical project. The student will identify their project, and develop a research plan that includes embryology, histology, neurology and comparative and gross anatomy of their topic, and initiate the introduction and methods sections of a publishable paper and convey their progress to classmates. Students will consider the function of the IRB and assess of the appropriateness of different statistical analyses.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: None

This course is a continuation of ANA 601 Research Methods in Anatomy I. This is a cadaver-based course in which the student will study and independently dissect additional regions of the cadaver that were exclusively faculty demonstrations during their gross anatomy course (BIO 639). In addition, the student will then perform a thorough dissection of the region of their project topic defined in ANA 601. Emphasis will be placed on correlation of the embryology and histology of the region, and clinical and epidemiology implications of the region. The pathology present will be analyzed. The student will gain experience assisting the instructor(s) in anatomy laboratories. Students will perform the research and analysis needed to complete the publishable manuscript begun in ANA 601.
Offered in: Spring and Summer
Prerequisites: (BIO-639 BIO-639L) or take (BIO-505 BIO-505L), ANA-601

The lecture topics included are origins of life, prebiotic chemistry; and surveys of the major plant, invertebrate and vertebrate phyla. The course also includes evolutionary principles governing taxonomic criteria and the physiology of movement of d and water in plants. A three-hour lab accompanies the above lecture. Intended for biology majors and minors.

Prerequisites: Bio-101L

A three-hour lab accompanies the above lecture. Intended for biology majors and minors.

Prerequisites: Bio-101

The lecture topics include a survey of the cell, its chemical constituents and its organelles, energy metabolism and photosynthesis. Introductory classic and molecular genetics is also covered. A three-hour lab accompanies the above lecture. Intended for biology majors and minors.

Prerequisites: BIO-102l

A three-hour lab accompanies the above lecture. Intended for biology majors and minors.

Prerequisites: BIO-102

This is an examination of the principles of classic and molecular genetics. Topics discussed include Mendel’s contribution, linkage, gene mapping, structure and function of DNA and RNA; bacterial and viral genetics, gene function, mutation, regulation of gene activity, recombinant DNA technology and quantitative and population genetics. Laboratory experiments with Drosophila, bacteria and fungi demonstrate principles discussed in the lecture. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L. Must have a minimum of a 2.2 GPA., BIO-302L

The course consists of three laboratory hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-302

This one-semester course emphasizes structure/function relationships among the components responsible for the biochemical functions of life. Topics include proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, bioenergetics, metabolism (catabolism and anabolism), lipids, membranes, nucleic acids, biotechnology, biochemical methods, vitamins and nutrition. This course is cross-listed with CHE 303.

Prerequisites: 1 group: (CHE-219 CHE-219L BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (CHE-219 CHE-219L BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or be a chemistry major and take (CHE-219 CHE-219L CHE-220 CHE-220L), BIO-303L

This laboratory supports BIO 303 lecture course. Students required to take BIO 303 are also required to take BIO 303L (except for physician assisting students).

Prerequisites: BIO-303

This is a detailed analysis of cellular organelles in relation to active transport, endocytosis, cell-to-cell communications, cell development and protein synthesis. Chromosome organization, gene structure, RNA synthesis and regulation of gene expression are also considered. Discussions will emphasize techniques and key experiments that have helped in the development and formulation of contemporary concepts. This course consists of three hours of lectures and one discussion hour a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: 1 of (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-108 BIO-108L), BIO-303 BIO-303L

This is a study of the structural and functional relationships of the human organism, emphasizing cells and tissues, the integument, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system and sense organs. This course consists of three lectures a week.

Prerequisites: CPC-022, 1 semester of college chemistry., BIO-107L

This course accompanies BIO 107. This course consists of three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-107

This continuation of BIO 107 emphasizes the digestive system, respiratory system, blood, cardiovascular system, urinary system, reproductive systems, endocrine system, human genetics and development. This course consists of three lectures a week.

Prerequisites: CPC-022, Prior completion of BIO-107/L, BIO-108L

This course accompanies BIO 108. This course consists of three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-108

This course is an introduction to the morphology, physiology, ecology and replication modes of bacterial and eukaryote microorganisms as well as viruses. Pathogens associated with human disease are used to illustrate these general concepts. Methods used by microbes to resist antimicrobial drugs, transfer antimicrobial resistance and methods used to control the growth of microorganisms are also discussed. Emphasis is given to mechanisms of pathogenesis used by bacteria and viruses. The means used by humans to prevent or rid the body of microbial agents are also discussed. In the laboratory, students gain skills in sterile technique, stain procedures and biochemical tests used to characterize bacteria. Methods used to control microbial growths are also studied. The course consists of three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week.

Prerequisites: (BIO-101,BIO-101L,BIO-102,BIO-102L) or (BIO-107,BIO -107L,BIO-108,BIO-108L), Bio-208L, 2 semesters of college chemistry or take CHE-114.

This is an introduction to the life of the seas. It begins with basic information about the chemical, physical and geological nature of the oceans. All major marine communities are surveyed, Including coastal zones and estuaries, coral reefs, the open ocean and the exotic communities of the deep sea. Extra attention is given to special topics of particular importance or interest. The final section concerns human interactions with the marine world and threats that they pose to it.

Prerequisites: BIO-101,BIO-101L,BIO-102,BIO-102L

This course covers the fundamentals of domestic animal behavior, nutritional, physiology and welfare in relation to animal handling. Students will study how to assess welfare and how behavior plays an important role in mitigation and diagnosis of disease. This course is designed for majors and non-majors and will satisfy a WIP requirement, however biology majors wishing to use it toward their major electives must also take the accompanying laboratory BIO 217L as a co-requisite.

Prerequisites: (BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-107 BIO-107L) or (BIO-105 BIO-105L) and achieve a minimum grade of B

This is a survey of the major invertebrate groups with emphasis on their diverse patterns of form and function. Coverage of each group includes its distinguishing characteristics and patterns of adaptations for coping with the needs of life by following examples of selected species. Basic biological principles and special impacts on humans are discussed when appropriate. In the laboratory, live and preserved specimens from marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats are used to explore aspects of anatomy, physiology and behavior. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L, BIO-218L

Prerequisites: BIO-218

This is a broad introduction to the basic concepts of ecology as they pertain to population, evolutionary processes, communities and ecosystems. Several current environmental problems are explored in the light of these concepts. Laboratory includes a mix of lab and field exercises designed to put lecture topics into practice. The course consists of three lectures and three laboratory hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L, BIO-229L

The course consists of three laboratory hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-229

This course examines the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment and human populations. Topics to be included but not limited to the course are 1)the impact of human activities on air and water quality, 2)the use of natural resources including renewable and non-renewable energy sources, minerals and biological resources,3)conservation and biodiversity, and 4)land use including wildlife, fisheries and forest management, recreational uses and agriculture. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and a 3 hour laboratory. The laboratory portion of the course will examine present practices and problems associated with environmental issues through field trips and laboratory/field experiments.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-303 BIO-303L), BIO-230L

This course examines the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment and human populations. Topics to be included but not limited to the course are 1)the impact of human activities on air and water quality, 2)the use of natural resources including renewable and non-renewable energy sources, minerals and biological resources,3)conservation and biodiversity, and 4)land use including wildlife, fisheries and forest management, recreational uses and agriculture. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and a 3 hour laboratory. The laboratory portion of the course will examine present practices and problems associated with environmental issues through field trips and laboratory/field experiments.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-303 BIO-303L), BIO-230

This course and required laboratory is designed to be an introduction to Environmental Geology through a broad survey of topics which are interconnected by society and geologic processes. These topics include Earth systems, geosphere materials, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, rivers and flooding, land stability, coastal change, water, soil, mineral and energy resources, climate changes and human environmental impact. Laboratory experiences will be related to the course objectives and will include offsite experiences. Prerequisite: BIO 101/L and (BIO 102/L OR BIO 303/L). Offered each spring semester as needed.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-303 BIO-303L), BIO-231L

This course and required laboratory is designed to be an introduction to Environmental Geology through a broad survey of topics which are interconnected by society and geologic processes. These topics include Earth systems, geosphere materials, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, rivers and flooding, land stability, coastal change, water, soil, mineral and energy resouces, climate changes and human environmental impact. Laboratory experiences will be related to the course objectives and will include offsite experiences. Prerequisite: BIO 101/L and (BIO 102/L OR BIO 303/L). Offered each spring semester as needed.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-303 BIO-303L), BIO-231

Evolution is the single most unifying theory in the biological sciences. This course traces the beginnings of Darwinian-Wallace evolution by natural selection and places this theory in historical perspective. Current evidences of evolution are given and explained and evolution at the gene level is discussed. The emphasis of the course is on biological and biochemical adaptations to changing environments. Some limited treatment of population genetics is included.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L

This course examines the organ systems of the body microscopically. The development, histology, histophysiology and histopathology of the tissues and organs of the body will be presented in lecture. The lab incorporates microscopic examination of the organ systems and training in processing of tissue for imaging and instruction in the use of imaging equipment. The course consists of two lectures and four hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: (BIO-101, BIO-101L,BIO-102,BIO 102L) or (BIO-107, BIO-107L,BIO-108, BIO-108L), BIO-304L

This course examines the organ systems of the body microscopically. The development, histology, histophysiology and histopathology of the tissues and organs of the body will be presented in lecture. The lab incorporates microscopic examination of the organ systems and training in processing of tissue for imaging and instruction in the use of imaging equipment. The course consists of two lectures and four hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: (BIO-101, BIO-101L,BIO-102,BIO 102L) or (BIO-107, BIO-107L,BIO-108, BIO-108L), BIO-304

This course is the study of structure and activity of animal, plant and bacterial viruses. This course is three lectures.

Prerequisites: BIO-303

Individuals are continually exposed to foreign substances (antigens) and respond to them in ways that are both harmful and beneficial. Many areas of biology use the in vitro techniques of immunology. Thus, immunology integrates such diverse fields as genetics, biochemistry, physiology and medicine and is relevant for biology and health science students alike. The purpose of this course is therefore to introduce the student to the chemistry of antigens and antibodies, the biology of the immune response, including both harmful and beneficial aspects in the function of the cells, organs and molecules of the immune system. Immunologic techniques and their applications will also be examined.

Prerequisites: (BIO-101 BIO-101L ,BIO-102, BIO-102L) OR BIO-107, (BIO-107L,BIO-108, BIO-108L) AND CHE-101,CHE-102, (BIO-101 BIO-101L ,BIO-102, BIO-102L) OR BIO-107, (BIO-107L,BIO-108, BIO-108L) AND CHE-101,CHE-102

This course is a survey of biology of plants with emphasis on taxonomy, morphology, physiology and the importance to man. This course is three lectures and three hours of lab.

Prerequisites: BIO-314L, BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L

This is a study of vertebrates and their chordate origins, including an overview emphasizing their historical relationships. The major systems, such as integument, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, and skeletal, are presented with examples from the major vertebrate groups. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-317L, (BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L)

The course consists of three laboratory hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-317

This is a study of the principles of development and their application to animal and plant embryos, regeneration, metamorphosis, cancer and related processes. The laboratory includes observation and experimentation with living animal and plant material, plant tissue culture, and examination of prepared slides. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-320L, BIO-101 BIO 101L BIO-102 BIO 102L, BIO-302

Prerequisites: BIO-320

This course and required laboratory will focus on microbes, their biochemistry and their interactions with higher animals in specific ecologies. Microbes play a primary,and often overlooked, role in every ecosystem on Earth. The unique biochemistries of these microbes are responsible for a wealth of activities critical to human and planetary health,including oxygen generation,carbon and nitrogen bioavailability,bioremediation of pollutants, decomposition of organic matter,nutrient cycling and human sanitation. This course is not intended as the required course in a health sciences major as it eschews medical microbes in favor of environmentally or commercially important microorganisms. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and a 3 hour laboratory.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: Four (4) credits of college level chemistry., BIO-330L, (BIO-102 BIO-102L or (BIO-108 BIO-108L)

This course and required Laboratory will focus on microbes, their biochemistry and their interactions with higher animals in specific ecologies. Microbes play a primary, and often overlooked, role in every ecosystem on Earth. The unique biochemistries of these microbes are responsible for a wealth of activities critical to human and planetary health, including; oxygen generation, carbon and nitrogen bioavailability, bioremediation of pollutants, decomposition of organic matter,nutrient cycling and human sanitation. This course is not intended as the required course a health sciences major as it eschews medical microbes in favor of environmentally or commercially important microorganisms. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and 3 hour laboratory.

Prerequisites: BIO-330

Conservation Biology combines ecology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolutionary biology in order to conserve biological diversity. It is the aim of conservation biology to understand the human threats to biodiversity and prevent any further loss. Topics covered will include, defining, measuring, and patterns of biodiversity, the negative effect of habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, over population, and over harvesting on biodiversity, strategies used to combat threats and sustain biodiversity and consideration of economic and ethical tradeoffs in the conservation of threatened species. Special attention will be paid to current issues related to biodiversity. This course requires a weekly 3 hour lecture and a 3 hour laboratory.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L and (BIO-102 BIO-102L or BIO-303 BIO-30L or CHE-303 CHE-303L), BIO-331L

Lab for BIO-331

Prerequisites: BIO-331

Environmental health examines the impact of the environment on human health. This includes 1) the effect of environmental components, such as pollutants, pathogens, and toxins, on human health, 2) energy resource uses and its effect on human health, 3) food safety, 4) environmental hazards found in the work place, and 5) environmental degradation as it relates to human health and wellbeing. This course will also examine the methods of environmental assessment and the role of public policy related to environmental health.

Prerequisites: (CHE-101 CHE-101L CHE-102 CHE-102L) or (CHE-111 CHE-112 CHE-113), BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L

This series integrates the principles and mechanisms of action and drug effect with the pharmacotherapy of common disease and syndromes.

Prerequisites: BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L

This course is a continuation of Bio 335

Prerequisites: BIO-335

This is a lecture and laboratory course in human gross anatomy, which uses cadaver dissection and other materials illustrative of human anatomy. Emphasis will be placed upon the anatomy of skeletal muscles, including their bony attachments, nerve and blood supply and their functions in movements. Additional dissections will involve a survey of abdominal and thoracic organs, anatomy of the head and contents of the cranial cavity. The course consists of two lecture hours and eight lab hours a week.

Prerequisites: BIO-339L. Physician Assistant students will take BIO-639L., (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or BIO-317.

Prerequisites: BIO-339

This course will offer an introduction into the novel disciplines of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics, providing students with a solid intellectual framework for understanding biological pathways, networks and molecular systems in an integrated, multidisciplinary fashion. The course will follow an interactive, problem-based instructional approach, using several mathematics exercises that utilize statistical and probability calculations to add quantitative rigor to the interpretation of biological data sets. The course will be based on case studies taken from scientific publications and Internet-based bioinformatics tools will be used for data analysis. The content will include all major areas of biology, including DNA and protein sequences, microarrays, and systems biology.

Prerequisites: BIO-303 and MAT-125., any CSC (Computer Science) course., BIO-350L

Description of BIO 351 should be same as the printed catalog: This course and required lab are intended to serve as an introduction to the problems encountered in modern biology research, with a special focus on the usage of modern computer-dependent techniques to explain biological phenomena. Many modern biological studies are hindered by the sheer volume of experimental data produced. These data often cannot be efficiently or accurately interpreted without computer assistance, yet many scientists lack the necessary skill set to do so. This course will instruct students in the challenges of designing, implementing and analyzing in vivo or in vitro generated experimental results using in silico techniques. This will be accomplished through a project-based learning format. This course requires three hours of lecture a week and a weekly three hour laboratory.

Prerequisites: BIO/CHE-303 or permission of the instructor., BIO-351L

Lab to accompany BIO 351

Prerequisites: BIO-351

Techniques for expressing biological molecules and concepts as mathematical expressions for analysis and comparison.

Prerequisites: MAT-125 and (BIO-102 or BIO-303), 1 computer science (CSC or IT) course. CSC-151 or IT-111 is recommended.

These courses are comprised of discussions of the molecular attributes of cytological features that represent the underpinnings of such functions as nerve impulse and neurotransmission, skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac muscle excitation and coordination of contraction, processes of electrolyte and water balance, actions of chemical messengers such as hormones and drugs, gas transport and cellular respiration, nutrition, metabolism and excretion.

Prerequisites: None

These courses are comprised of discussions of the molecular attributes of cytological features that represent the underpinnings of such functions as nerve impulse and neurotransmission, skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac muscle excitation and coordination of contraction, processes of electrolyte and water balance, actions of chemical messengers such as hormones and drugs, gas transport and cellular respiration, nutrition, metabolism and excretion.

Prerequisites: None

This introduction to fundamental chemical principles includes topics such as atomic structure, bonding and properties of gases, liquids, solids and solutions. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.

Prerequisites: High school chemistry and CPC-022 or 3 years of high school mathematics or MAT-117 or MAT-122, CHE-101L

Three hours of laboratory.

Prerequisites: CHE-101

This course is a continuation of Chemistry 101. Topics include chemical equilibria, kinetics and oxidation reduction systems.

Prerequisites: CHE-101, CHE-102L

Three hours of laboratory.

Prerequisites: CHE-101L, CHE-102

This course is a survey of the functional groups germane to organic chemistry. In particular, emphasis is placed on the physical properties, nomenclature, conformation, synthesis and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes. Additionally, the recognition of isomers from constitutional stereoisomers such as enantiomers and diastereomers is also stressed.

Prerequisites: CHE-101, CHE-101L, CHE-102, CHE-102L, CHE-219L

This lab emphasizes purification techniques central to organic chemistry such as recrystallization, distillation (simple and fractional), extraction, chromatography (column and thin layer), and chemical modification. Also, several syntheses are chosen to illustrate lecture material such as, but not limited to reactions such as substitution and bond cleavage. It consists of three hours of lab a week.

Prerequisites: CHE-209 or CHE-219

This course is a continuation of CHE 219. The physical properties, nomenclature, synthesis and reactions of aromatic rings, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. Amines, carboxylic acids and its derivatives, ethers, epoxides, sulfides, conjugated systems, aromaticity and enols are studied. The theory and application of a variety of spectroscopic (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spec) methods are also covered.

Prerequisites: CHE-219, CHE-220L

This lab emphasizes the reactions that are covered in lecture such as, but not limited to, ester synthesis, electrophilic substitution of an aromatic ring, Grignard reagents and reduction of carbonyl compounds. This lab also places an importance on mastering spectroscopic methods such as IR and NMR utilizing in-house instrumentation. It consists of three hours of lab a week.

Prerequisites: CHE-219L, CHE-220

This course includes the underlying fundamental mathematical principles and their application to a wide range of statistical methods and tests. Included are the following: sampling, frequency distributions, probability, regression,confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, t-test, analysis of variance, chi-square and correlation. Existent computer software such as MiniTab is utilized by students to aid and facilitate the analysis of results. Not open to those who have taken MAT 120

Prerequisites: one computer science course or take 1 course from PHY-101L PHY-103L or PHY-111L or be a pre-pharmacy student.

Basic theory of functions, limits, continuity, derivatives and integrals are taught. Some emphasis is placed on the structure of the real number system.

Prerequisites: MAT-122 or have an SAT Math Sub-score 600+ or ACT 26+.

The course explores the basic techniques for integration as well as elementary transcendental functions and the applications of differential and integral calculus.

Prerequisites: MAT-125

This calculus-based course is an introduction to the principles of kinematics and dynamics as they apply to both translational and rotational motion. Topics include Newton's laws, forces, friction, gravity, Kepler's laws, dot products and cross products, potential and kinetic energy, and momentum. Considerable attention is paid to the intellectual history that accompanied the emergence of the Newtonian world view.

Prerequisites: Mat-125, Phy-101L

Prerequisites: None

This course is a continuation of PHY 101. The course covers statics, fluids, oscillations, sound and waves, temperature and heat, electricity and magnetism, and geometric optics.

Prerequisites: Phy-101, Mat-126, Phy-102L

This course is a physics laboratory to accompany PHY 103. The course includes experiments in mechanics and oscillatory motion.

Prerequisites: None

This is a lecture and laboratory course in human gross anatomy, which uses cadaver dissection and other materials illustrative of human anatomy. Emphasis is placed on the anatomy of skeletal muscles, including their bony attachments, nerve and blood supply, and functions in movements. Additional dissections involve a survey of abdominal and thoracic organs, anatomy of the head and contents of the cranial cavity.

Prerequisites: BIO-639L, (BIO-507L BIO-508L) or (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or (BIO-317 BIO-317L) or (BIO-517 BIO-517L) or equivalent.

This is a lecture and laboratory course in human gross anatomy, which uses cadaver dissection and other materials illustrative of human anatomy. Emphasis is placed on the anatomy of skeletal muscles, including their bony attachments, nerve and blood supply, and functions in movements. Additional dissections involve a survey of abdominal and thoracic organs, anatomy of the head and contents of the cranial cavity.

Prerequisites: None

This course is an in-depth microscopic examination of the organ systems of the body. The development, histology, histophysiology, and histopathology of the tissues and organs of the body will be presented in lecture. Chemistry and biochemistry of the structures will be covered and discussed. The lab incorporates microscopic examination of the organ system and training in processing of tissue for imaging and the use of imaging equipment and the chemical properties and uses of traditional and current staining methods. This course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: (BIO-101 BIO-101L BIO-102 BIO-102L) or (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or (BIO-517 BIO-517L) or ANA-601, BIO-504L

Lab for BIO-504
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: BIO-504

This is a lecture and laboratory course studying the human nervous system. Emphasis is placed on the science, biology, and biochemistry of nervous system anatomy and physiology, including research techniques used to study the nervous system, organization and development of the nervous system, neuroanatomy, fundamental concepts of cellular and molecular neurobiology, underlying neuroanatomical and neurophysiological dysfunctions of neurological disorders, sensory and motor systems, and neural tracts. The laboratory includes neuroanatomy models and cadaveric specimens. This course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: (BIO-107 BIO-107L BIO-108 BIO-108L) or take (BIO-317 BIO-317L) or take (BIO-517 BIO-517L) or permission of the intstructor., BIO-505L

Lab for BIO-505
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-505

This is a analysis of vertebrates and their chordate origins, including a summarization emphasizing their historical relationships. The major systems, such as integument, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, and skeletal, are presented and explored with examples from the major vertebrate groups. The course consists of three lectures and three hours of laboratory a week.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: ANA601 and BIO-517L

Lab for BIO-517.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: BIO-517

This is a study of the principles of development and their application to animal and plant embryos, regeneration, metamorphosis, cancer and related processes. The laboratory includes observation and experimentation with living animal and plant material, plant tissue culture and examination of prepared slides.
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-302 BIO-302L, BIO-520L

Lab for BIO-520
Offered in: Spring Only
Prerequisites: BIO-520

This course provides guidance to the student in the formulation of an original anatomical project. The student will identify their project, and develop a research plan that includes embryology, histology, neurology and comparative and gross anatomy of their topic, and initiate the introduction and methods sections of a publishable paper and convey their progress to classmates. Students will consider the function of the IRB and assess of the appropriateness of different statistical analyses.
Offered in: Fall Only
Prerequisites: None

This course is a continuation of ANA 601 Research Methods in Anatomy I. This is a cadaver-based course in which the student will study and independently dissect additional regions of the cadaver that were exclusively faculty demonstrations during their gross anatomy course (BIO 639). In addition, the student will then perform a thorough dissection of the region of their project topic defined in ANA 601. Emphasis will be placed on correlation of the embryology and histology of the region, and clinical and epidemiology implications of the region. The pathology present will be analyzed. The student will gain experience assisting the instructor(s) in anatomy laboratories. Students will perform the research and analysis needed to complete the publishable manuscript begun in ANA 601.
Offered in: Spring and Summer
Prerequisites: (BIO-639 BIO-639L) or take (BIO-505 BIO-505L), ANA-601